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Chapter

31

夫佳兵者,不祥之器,物或恶之,故有道者不处。君子居则贵左,用兵则贵右。
兵者不祥之器,非君子之器。不得已而用之,恬淡为上,胜而不美。而美之者,是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者,则不可得志于天下矣。
吉事尚左, 凶事尚右。偏将军居左,上将军居右,言以丧礼处之。杀人之众,以悲哀泣之,战胜以丧礼处之。

All excellent weapons are instruments of misfortune. Everyone hates them. So a follower of the Tao does not cling to it.
In peacetime, a wise puts forward the left side (life side); in time of war he puts forward the right side (death side) .
Weapons are instruments of misfortune; they are not instruments of wise people. He only uses it when he cannot go without it, while keeping a distant mind. If he triumphs, he does not enjoy in it. To enjoy in it is to enjoy killing men. The one who enjoys killing men cannot succeed in reigning over the empire.
In happy events, left side is more important; in unfortunate events, right side is more important.
General in second occupies the left; general-in-chief occupies the right. I mean they are placed according to funeral rites. War makes a lot of dead. Murders must mourn the dead. Victory must be celebrated according to funeral rites.

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